lower-lying electron

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• Exciton — This page is about the quasiparticle. Exciton is also the title of a single by IDM composer Squarepusher. An exciton is a bound state of an electron and an imaginary particle called an electron hole in an insulator or semiconductor, and such is a …   Wikipedia

• Charge-transfer complex — A charge transfer complex (CT complex) or electron donor acceptor complex is an association of two or more molecules, or of different parts of one very large molecule, in which a fraction of electronic charge is transferred between the molecular… …   Wikipedia

• Charge transfer complex — A charge transfer complex (or CT complex, electron donor acceptor complex) is a chemical association of two or more molecules, or of different parts of one very large molecule, in which the attraction between the molecules (or parts) is created… …   Wikipedia

• Romania — This article is about the modern country. For other uses, see Romania (disambiguation). Romania România …   Wikipedia

• South Africa — This article is about the modern country. For other uses, see South Africa (disambiguation). Republic of South Africa …   Wikipedia

• Magnonics — is an emerging field of modern magnetism, which can be considered a sub field of modern solid state physics.[1] Magnonics combines waves and magnetism, its main aim is to investigate the behaviour of spin waves in nano structure elements. In… …   Wikipedia

• Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics       Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity.       Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …   Universalium

• spectroscopy — spectroscopist /spek tros keuh pist/, n. /spek tros keuh pee, spek treuh skoh pee/, n. the science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis. [1865 70; SPECTRO + SCOPY] * * * Branch of analysis devoted to identifying… …   Universalium

• chemical bonding — ▪ chemistry Introduction       any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other stable species that make up the familiar substances of the everyday world. When atoms approach one another …   Universalium

• cosmos — /koz meuhs, mohs/, n., pl. cosmos, cosmoses for 2, 4. 1. the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system. 2. a complete, orderly, harmonious system. 3. order; harmony. 4. any composite plant of the genus Cosmos, of tropical… …   Universalium

• analysis — /euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. analyses / seez /. 1. the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements (opposed to synthesis). 2. this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its… …   Universalium